Kidney Cancer

The kidneys are two organs each nearly as big as a fist. They are often described as bean-shaped. Kidneys detoxify (clean) our blood, expel waste and maintain required electrolyte levels in our bodies. Tumors of the kidneys are known as renal cell carcinomas (RCC). At times tumors may develop inside the kidneys.

Causes Although there is no known cause for developing kidney cancer some factors can increase the likelihood of kidney cancer: smoking, poor diet, obesity, high blood pressure, kidney dialysis, exposure to chemicals and heredity factors

Symptoms may not be evident in early stages but could develop later: blood in the urine (hematuria), lower back pain, tiredness and diminishing appetite, loss of weight, persistent fever, anemia (low red blood cell count)

Classes of tumors are renal cell carcinomas (RCC), benign tumors which do not spread, Wilms tumors which occur mainly in children.

Treatment is preceded by diagnosis and staging, using the tumor node metastases (TNM) system. The T indicates the size of the main (primary) tumor and whether it has grown into nearby areas. The N indicates how much the tumor has spread to nearby lymph nodes. The M gives us information about metastasis, i.e. whether the cancer has spread (metastasized) to other parts of the body. It can spread to the lungs, bones, liver, brain and lymph nodes.

Treatment is based on the needs of the patient but is often especially planned to protect the functions of the kidney. Surgery is often advised and a biopsy may be recommended for urologists to determine the next course of action. Treatment choices often discussed include surveillance & monitoring (X rays, CT scans, ultrasounds), ablation (destruction of the tumor through extreme heat or cold – called radiofrequency ablation and cryoblation respectively), partial nephrectomy (removal of part of the affected or only the diseased kidney) or radical nephrectomy (removal of the whole kidney). Surgery can be performed vide laparoscopy.

01
02
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
03
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
04
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
05
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
06
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
07
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
08
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
09
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
10
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
11
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
12
13
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
14
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
15
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
16
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
17
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
18
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
19
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
20
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
21
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
22
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)
Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)
23
24
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome whichcontains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a control on cells normally instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an instruction is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and cause cancer, destroying normal tissues.
25
26
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
27
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
28
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
29
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
30
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
31
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
32
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
33
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
34
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
35
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
36
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
37
38
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
39
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
40
41
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
42
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
43
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
44
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
45
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
46
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.
Environmental: exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals
Genetic: Cancer can also be caused by genetic factors, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.
Habit: Tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and causing cancer, destroying normal tissues.
Risk factors include age or lifestyle habits (tobacco smoking and inhaling second-hand smoke, drinking, drugs, over exposure to the sun) or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene) is considered risky. It's been well-observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about 2 or 3 decades from now. Obesity is associated with prostate cancer. UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen.
‘Rogue cells’
47
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
48
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
49
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
50
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
51
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
52
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
53
54
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
55
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
56
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
57
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
58
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
59
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
60
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
61
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
62
63
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
64
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
65
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
66
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
67
It’s true that treatment is painful and side effects can be manifold. However our approach to this is tailored to increasing peripheral blood circulation that will relieve pain. Aspirin-like drugs are often given but other therapies are also recommended namely meditation, massage, yoga and even hypnosis, anti-depressants and counseling. Natural herbs like ginger and astragalus to counter nausea and vomiting
68
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
69
Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging - which detects activity in cells (ultrasound CT MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (Single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade). Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
70
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
71
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
72
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
73
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
74
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
75
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
76
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
77
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
78
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
79
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
80
Our integrated approach of homeopathy and immunotherapy increases the growth of healthy cells that are damaged during chemo and radiation therapy. This treatment also helps in overall recovery as the patient will be able to eat more and better. All fast-growing cells are targeted during chemotherapy and ulcers in the mouth and throat are common. Our integrated treatment is beneficial to the particular problem of getting relief to mouth ulcers
81
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
82
83
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
84
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
85
86
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
87
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
88
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
89
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
90
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
91
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
92
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.
The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)
Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'
All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body
Other terms used in cancer staging stages are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)
Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied.
93
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
94
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
95
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
96
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
97
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
98
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
99
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
100
101
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
102
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
103
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
104
105
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
106
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
107
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
108
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
109
110
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
111
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
112
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
113
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
114
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
115
LIFESTYLE CHANGES AND EARLY DETECTION
Changes in our lifestyles and routine, early testing are considered as the two pillars of coping with a cancer diagnosis.
Some actions are well within our control namely, our lifestyle. Nutrition and diet, small changes in meal timings, frequency and ingredients, controlling stress and managing our diet, consistent exercise, good sleep quality, are some of the recommendations. While it is true that only diet cannot prevent cancer, attention to diet and nutrition and exercise will play a key role in supporting our health.
Diet supports our immune system, retains lean body mass, enables quality of life and keeps us in a better position to tolerate and cope with treatment if that is ever required.
Activities can include endurance-building (walking, swimming, biking, dancing), strength-building (weight-lifting, resistance bands) and flexibility / stretching-enabling (yoga)
Cancer also turbo charges a wide range of conflicting emotions and mental pressures which can take time and effort to be reconciled with. Anxiety, uncertainty, depression and the impact on relationships are common experiences.
Integrative therapies can lead to a better quality of life. Relaxation, self-hypnosis, music-therapy, can also help.
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
Early detection of cancer offers the best chance for a good outcome. As WHO observes, it is “an important public health strategy.” Early diagnosis can lead to proper care at an early stage and lead to good outcomes.
Early diagnosis is different from screening. Screening is “presumptive identification of unrecognized disease in an apparently healthy, asymptomatic population by means of tests, examinations or other procedures.” (WHO). Here healthy individuals are tested to identify those having cancers before any symptoms appear.
Warning signs of possible cancer include change in bowel or bladder habits, sores that don’t heal, lump in the breast or neck, difficulty in swallowing, changes in a wart or mole, persistent cough
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
Platelets produced in the bone marrow is indeed affected during chemotherapy. Also, platelets are the reason why the body can stop bleeding or clots. Lack of platelets leads to an increase in bruising and bleeding even after a minor bruise and no major injury. If you have cancer, the risk of blood clotting is very unusually high because of tissue damage. Our treatment prevents tissue damage also dissolves blood clots.
123
124
Infection is the most common side effect for cancer patients. Cancer and chemotherapy are the main reason for this problem. The chemotherapy and radiation reduces the white blood cell count that fights different infections. This is sometimes called neutropenia. It also leads to a weakened immune system. Our combined homeopathy, Immunotherapy & other alternative treatments helps patients to have a strong immune system. Plus it improves their white blood cell counts which can fight infections. Patients can take these medicines along with conventional treatment.
125
This is possible in some cases. It’s a lack of sensation in the hands or feet or arms and legs. A tingling feeling may also accompany this. Some cancers like myeloma or prostate cancer, damage nerves as a result of which the legs feel numb. This is called peripheral neuropathy. Rehabilitation therapy and in extreme cases exercise with physical equipment (to enable walking) along with our integrated of therapies helps considerably.
126
127
128
Delirium can loosely be described as a decline of thinking or loss of awareness of one’s surroundings. It can sometimes be caused by cancer treatment. It can be caused by high doses of pain-killing medicines (opioids). When the cancer is at an advanced stage there may be liver failure or kidney failure or electrolyte imbalances (electrolytes are minerals – salt, potassium, calcium, phosphorus – needed for the proper functioning of kidneys, nerves, the heart); a high level of nitrogen waste products may be retained in the blood if the kidney does not function properly. Sometimes some medicines are used (Halaperidol, Olanzapine, Risperidone). Sanjeevan ONCO care uses its well-tried medicines based on auyurveda and homeopathy and immunotherapy which does not cause bad side-effects
129
130
Swelling is known as edema. This is a condition when fluids build up in a patient’s tissues caused by some types of chemotherapy. The most obvious signs of edema are swelling in the feet or ankles or legs. While certain physical exercises are recommended and certain foods are to be avoided, Sanjeevan ONCO care’s medicinal treatment akin to a diuretic – and without side-effects -- can also help
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the human body divide and grow in a bizarre manner. Normally our body has natural controls or checks to prevent haphazard growth. Through a natural process called apoptosis, cells self-destruct or break apart and are later re-cycled. When this natural order breaks down, cells multiply and grow in an uncontrolled manner and can lead to the formation of a tumor. Tumors are lumps of abnormal tissue. Some tumors are malignant while others are benign. Malignant tumors can spread to other parts of the body and invade nearby tissues and cause harm. (courtesy: National Cancer Institute)

Cancer is a large group of diseases that can start in almost any organ or tissue of the body when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably, go beyond their usual boundaries to invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. The latter process is called metastasizing and is a major cause of death from cancer. A neoplasm and malignant tumour are other common names for cancer. (courtesy WHO)

‘Karkinos’

The Greek physician Hippocrates (c 460 - 377 BC) regarded as the Father of Medicine, is credited with the first use of the word karkinos (Greek for crab) to describe a mass of cancerous cells. He was most likely referring to tumors that may have looked like multi-legged crabs. Oncology, the term for the study and management of this disease is derived from the Greek word oncos (swelling)
138
Cancer is a complex disease triggered by various factors that can include, among other factors, the environment, genetics and habits of an individual.

Environmental causes are exposure to harmful gases & air pollution, radiation, ultraviolet rays and harmful chemicals

Genetic factors can also lead to cancer, which means a person sometimes inherits cancer genes from his/her parents.

Habits that are likely to cause cancer are tobacco-smoking and tobacco-chewing, inhaling smoke, alcohol, dietary habits, viruses, inflammatory diseases like allergy, transplant rejection, etc

Other risk factors include age apart from lifestyle habits mentioned earlier or environmental (air pollution, exposure to chemicals, coals, asbestos or benezene). It has been observed that current smoking rates will determine cancer rates about two or three decades from now. Among harmful lifestyles are obesity – which is associated with prostate cancer. Also, UV radiation from sunlight is believed to be the chief cause of melanoma which can be avoided by clothing, sunglasses and sunscreen

‘Rogue cells’

Abnormal cells can form because of mutations in the DNA inside cells. (DNA is a chromosome which contains genes shared by generations of family members). A tumor suppressor gene acting as a 'control' on cells normally instructs them to stop growing when necessary. A cell becomes cancerous if such an 'instruction' is not given. These rogue cells continue growing and spreading and cause cancer, destroying normal tissues.
139
Diagnosis involves a physical examination, followed by imaging - (ultrasound, CT, MRI) plus PET (Positron Emission Tomography), SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography), lab tests (blood, urine, tissues, or tests looking for tumor markers) and pathology tests (a biopsy may be required to closely examine a tumor and its grade) which detects activity in cells. Surgery can confirm more characteristics about an extracted tumor
140
After being diagnosed, cancer is generally divided into ‘stages’. A 'stage' indicates the extent of the spread of cancer. Clinical tests, scans etc. are required to determine the extent of the spread and its impact. Generally, Stage 0 is the least dangerous while Stage IV indicates the widest and most dangerous spread.

Stage 0 - It is the initial stage in which cancer has not been detected but there is the presence of abnormal cells or nodes in the body that have the potential to develop into cancer.
Stage 1 - This stage of cancer is also called the early stage, in which cancer has begun in a small area or one organ.
Stages 2 & 3 - At this stage cancer has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes.
Stage 4 - cancer has spread to other parts of the body apart from the initially detected organ or area. It is called the advanced stage of cancer.

The ‘TNM Classification System’ is a globally-recognized standard often used by UICC (International Union Against Cancer) to classify or describe a cancer’s stage (i.e. the extent of its spread). Simply expressed, T stands for tumor, N for node, M for metastasis. To give an example, T3 indicates the tumor's size (in centimeters) and its location. (The tumor has grown through a thin layer of connective tissue in the large intestine or has grown into tissues surrounding the colon). It could also give information on the cell type (e.g. adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma)

Staging may be clinical or pathological. The former is based on pre-surgery tests, physical examinations and CT scans. The latter is based on findings after surgery is conducted; this gives doctors more detailed and useful information. If staging is done after surgery and chemotherapy it is called post-therapy stage indicated by 'y'

All cancers are not staged. Cancers of the blood cells (e.g. leukemia) may have already spread all over the body

Other terms used in cancer staging are in situ (in a layer of cells), localized (in the organ where it originated), regional (spread beyond the initial site) and distant (spread to many parts)

Doctors can use other staging systems to classify other types of cancer: Central nervous system tumors (brain tumors - which normally don’t spread outside the brain and spinal cord) are often described as T.
Cancers like leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma usually do not form solid tumors so the TNM system is not applied

Kidney Cancer

Mumbai

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

Mumbai

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What is Cancer?

What are the main types of cancer?

What causes Cancer?

New Delhi

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

Since pain is one of the main side-effects of any cancer treatment what can you do in the face of the onslaught to make pain at least more bearable. Does chemotherapy cause pain in different parts of the body e.g. the stomach, muscles, joints, head. . ."

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

New Delhi

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

What causes Cancer?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

Hyderabad

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

Hyderabad

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

Cancer treatment is disruptive and causes discomfort and can be agonizing even for care-givers and relatives. Chemotherapy and radiation are known to be painful. How is this going to be handled?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

How is Cancer diagnosis done?

What are the stages of Cancer?

What are the stages of Cancer?

What are the stages of Cancer?

What are the stages of Cancer?

What are the stages of Cancer?

What are the stages of Cancer?

What are the stages of Cancer?

What are the stages of Cancer?

What are the stages of Cancer?

What are the stages of Cancer?

Ulcers and sores in the mouth: Both chemo and radiation therapy cause side effects like sores mouth & gums. As both therapies damage cancerous cells as well as non-cancerous cells, it also involves some cells located in the mouth."

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution

Prevention & Caution